Here are the secrets of life, according to the great Russian writer, Leo Tolstoy
Tolstoy was a member of the Russian nobility, from a family that owned an estate and hundreds of servants. The early life of the young count was noisy, immoral and violent. "I killed people in wars and challenged people to duels in order to kill them," he wrote. "I lost at gambling, consumed the labor of the peasants, punished them with punishments, lived freely, and cheated people... this is how I lived for ten years." But he gradually began to move away from this lifestyle of the decadent racist and rejected the beliefs received from the aristocratic sole, adopting a non-traditional view of the world, which shocked his peers. Here is what advice Leo Tolstoy's personal journey can offer us, to repair our philosophy of life.
1. Keep an open mind
One of Tostoi's greatest gifts was his ability and willingness to change his mind based on new experiences. The terrible bloodshed he saw while fighting in the Crimean War in 1850 turned him into a lifelong pacifist. In 1857, after witnessing a public execution at the guillotine in Paris—he never forgot the sound of the severed head as it fell into the box below—he became a staunch opponent of the state and its laws, believing that governments were not only brutal, but essentially served the interests of the rich and powerful. "The state is a conspiracy," he wrote to a friend. "Therefore, I will never serve any government anywhere." Tolstoy was on the way to becoming an anarchist. He was the first to encourage us to question the fundamental beliefs and dogmas we grew up with.
2. Practice empathy
Tolstoy displayed an unusual capacity to be moved by putting himself in the shoes of people whose lives were very different from his own. In 1860 he not only adopted peasant dress, but began working side by side with the newly emancipated laborers on his estate, plowing the fields and repairing their houses with his own hands. There was certainly an element of paternalism, but the truth is that he enjoyed the company of the peasants and consciously avoided the literary and aristocratic elite in the cities. Tolstoy believed that you can never understand the reality of other people's lives unless you experience it yourself.
3. Make the difference
Ai u dallua nga moshatarët e tij të kastës së lartë duke ndërmarrë veprime praktike për të lehtësuar vuajtjen e njerëzve të tjerë, më evidente ishte puna e tij për lehtësimin e urisë. Pas dështimit të të lashtave në 1873-shin, Tolstoi ndaloi së shkruari Ana Kareninë-n për një vit, me qëllim që të organizonte ndihmë për ata që vdisnin urie. Në këtë kohë, ai i shkruante një të afërmi: “Nuk mund të shkëputem nga krijesa që janë reale, për t’iu kushtuar krijesave imagjinare”. Shokët e tij, ashtu si edhe familja, menduan se ishte çmenduri që njëri nga romancierët më të mirë t’i vendoste veprat e tij gjeniale në plan të dytë. Ai e përsëriti këtë gjë gjatë zisë së bukës së 1891-shit, kohë kur kaloi dy vite duke punuar në “kazanët e supës” dhe për mbledhje fondesh. A mund ta imagjinoni dot një shkrimtar të sotëm, nga ata që shesin shumë kopje, që të lënë mënjanë librin dhe t’i kushtohen për dy vite punës humanitare?
4. Zotëroni artin e të jetuarit thjeshtë
Pas një krize nervore në fundin e vitit 1870, Tolstoi hodhi poshtë gjithë fenë e organizuar, duke përfshirë Kishën Ortodokse në të cilën ai ishte rritur. Ai adoptoi një lloj revolucionar të Kristianizmit i bazuar në jetën e thjeshtë shpirtërore e materiale. Ai i dha fund alkoolit, duhanit dhe u bë një vegjetarian. Tolstoi frymëzoi gjithashtu krijimin e komuniteteve utopike të jetesës së thjeshtë, ku pasuria ishte e përbashkët. Këto komunitete “Tolstojane” u përhapën rreth e rrotull botës dhe e shtynë Gandin të themelonte një vendbanim fetar në 1910-ën, me emrin Ferma “Leo Tolstoi”.
5. Kujdes nga kontradiktat tuaja
Kjo jetë e re, më e thjeshtë nuk ishte pa mundime dhe kontradikta. Tolstoi predikonte dashuri universale, megjithatë ishte në mënyrë konstante në luftë me të shoqen. Veç kësaj, apostulli i barazisë nuk ishte kurrë i aftë të braktiste plotësisht pasurinë dhe jetën e privilegjuar. Ai jetoi deri në moshë të madhe në një shtëpi të madhe me shërbëtorë. Por në fillim të 1890-ës ia doli – kundër dëshirës së familjes së tij – të hiqte dorë nga e drejta e autorësisë për një pjesë të madhe të veprave të tij letrare, si pasojë duke sakrifikuar një pasuri të tërë. Duke marrë me mend pozicionin e privilegjuar në të cilin Tolstoi e filloi jetën, transformimi i tij shpirtëror, gjithësesi është për t’u admiruar.
6. Bëhuni zanatçi
Tolstoy realized that achieving a balance between mind and body was an essential part of his creative process. Not only did he constantly leave the pen to take the plow across the field, but he carried a scythe and cut with a saw leaning against the wall next to the writing desk. In his later years, when journalists and writers came to pay their respects to the wily old man with a beard, they were always surprised to find one of the world's most famous authors hunched over tools, making a pair of boots. If Tolstoy were here today, he would no doubt suggest that we introduce some craft into our lives. Better than spending so much time on twitter or texting.
7. Expand your social circle
The most fundamental life lesson that Tolstoy offers is to realize that the best way to challenge our assumptions and prejudices, and to find new ways of looking at the world, is to surround ourselves with people whose views and lifestyles to whom it differs from ours. In "Resurrection" he showed that most people - be they politicians, businessmen or thieves - "instinctively cling to the circle of those people who share their views on life and their place in it". Coddled within the fold of our society, we may find it perfectly normal and justifiable to own two homes, or to oppose same-sex marriage, or to bomb countries in the Middle East. We do not see that such views can be perverse, unjust, or untrue because we are within the circles of our own making. The challenge is to spread the wings of our conversation and spend time with those people whose values and experiences conflict with our own. Tolstoy would advise us that our ultimate task is to travel beyond the circumference of the circle.
Originally published on bota.al