Opinion

Can we prevent World War III?

Can we prevent World War III?

By Michael E. Haskew / To prevent the outbreak of World War III, which could include the use of nuclear weapons, the world superpowers have developed a system of diplomacy and prevention.

Nevertheless, since 1945, several crises have brought the US and the Soviet Union (today the Russian Federation) to a third world conflict , which would have apocalyptic consequences. In the fall of 1962, the Cuban Missile Crisis brought the governments of the United States and the Soviet Union closer to the point of a nuclear conflict.

From that moment on, the US and the USSR, and then Russia, had direct and continuous communication channels to avoid an accidental release of nuclear weapons, which would cause the global catastrophe of World War III.

World War II ended a few days after the nuclear bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, brought the first possibility of the annihilation of humanity. The proliferation of nuclear weapons later created the possibility of an exchange of nuclear weapons and later intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) capable of wreaking havoc on a large scale .

The use of nuclear bombs against 2 Japanese cities , showed the extraordinary destructive ability of such weapons. But the development of nuclear weapons would not remain a United States franchise. The Soviet Union conducted its first nuclear test on August 29, 1949.

It was not long before the Soviets created their vast arsenal of nuclear weapons, thus creating the possibility of a global conflict with potentially devastating consequences for the entire planet. The United States and the Soviet Union were on the brink of nuclear war during the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis .

One of the major challenges faced by the two countries' leaders was the slow and unreliable channels of communication between the two leaders, US resident John F. Kennedy and Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev .

The potentially devastating outcome of the crisis prompted both countries to design and maintain safeguards to prevent ill - communication and the unintended or accidental outbreak of World War III.

One of these safeguards is a telephone line between the two countries' capitals, which was established in August 1963. The line was intended to provide direct communication between the White House and the Kremlin.

Over the years , additional safeguards were put in place , including the 1971 agreement on measures to reduce the risk of nuclear war and the 1972 nuclear accident prevention plan . et.

As early as 1954, the Soviet government suggested implementing safeguards against a nuclear and accidental war , and almost a decade later, on June 20, 1963, the Soviet and US governments signed a Memorandum of Understanding on the Establishment of a Telephone Line. of Communication of D rejtp ë rdr e jt ë .

The first telephone line between Moscow and Washington used equipment manufactured in both the United States and the Soviet Union , which was later exchanged. It passed from Washington, to London , Copenhagen , Stockholm, Helsinki and then to Moscow .

Meanwhile a spare radio line connected the destination points via Tangier in northwestern Morocco . In the 1980s, this special telephone line was upgraded with fax equipment , while a secure computer connection for additional e - mail communications was put into operation in 2008 .

This hotline is a complement to a number of broad safeguards, including reducing the amount of nuclear weapons in circulation , and developing treaties such as the 1987 Medium-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) , the Reduction Treaty. Strategic Arms (START) in 1991 and the Offensive and Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (SORT) in 2002 .

Ndërkohë më 3 janar të këtij viti, 5 fuqitë e mëdha bërthamore, SHBA-ja, Kina, Rusia, Franca dhe Britania e Madhe nënshkruan një deklaratë të përbashkët duke u angazhuar për Parandalimin e Luftës Bërthamore dhe Shmangien e Garës së Armatimeve.

Rritja e stoqeve bërthamore të SHBA-së dhe sovjetikëve, e rriti rëndësinë e komunikimit të drejtpërdrejtë midis superfuqive. Në fillimin e viteve 1960 u shpik koncepti iShkatërrimitReciprokisht të Garantuar (MAD). Ai u përmend për herë të parë nga Sekretari amerikan iShtetit, Robert Meknamara.

MAD pohonte se një sulm bërthamor nga një fuqi, do të shkaktonte një sulm hakmarrës nga fuqia tjetër, duke çuar në shkatërrimin e të dyjave, dhe përfundimisht në një holokaust bërthamor global. Që nga krijimi i saj, linja telefonike Moskë-Uashington është përdorur në disa raste.

Kështu thuhet se ajo u aktivizua gjatë Luftës Gjashtëditore të vitit 1967, Luftës Indi-Pakistan të vitit 1971, Luftës së Jom Kipur të vitit 1973, pushtimit turk të ishullit të Qipros në vitin 1974, pushtimit sovjetik të Afganistanit në 1979, ndërhyrjes së fundit ushtarake të Rusisë Siri, dhe ndoshta edhe në raste të tjera.

Raportet e fundit, tregojnë se institucionet ushtarake të Shteteve të Bashkuara dhe Rusisë kanë hapur një linjë direkte taktike, për të reduktuar mundësinë e një përplasjeje ushtarake aksidentale gjatë operacioneve aktuale ruse në Ukrainë.

Një zyrtar i lartë amerikan i tha NBC News, në fillim të muajit mars se “Departamenti i Mbrojtjes krijoi më 1 mars një linjë të re për uljen e tensioneve me Ministrinë ruse të Mbrojtjes, për parandalimin e llogaritjeve të gabuara, incidenteve ushtarake dhe përshkallëzimit të situatës”.

Such a measure is necessary , given the proximity of Russian forces operating in Ukraine to the borders of Poland, Romania, Hungary and other NATO countries .

Can World War III be prevented? Probably because reason and logic will dominate , and while existing defenses are expected to serve their purpose . / “Live Science”

* This article was published by Bota.al and reposted by Tiranapost.al